Shake Up Repercussions

David Dalka asked an interesting follow-up question to my post yesterday about the consolidation in the venture business. What does this consolidation mean to the business? A couple of things:
1) a lot of the firms out of the business now should not have been in it to begin with. They drove up prices and encouraged a loss of discipline in the entrepreneurial world. So, this segment going away is actually a positive to both entrepreneurs and VC’s. If they had helped back successful firms (versus the 10th loser in a space), their performance might have been good enough for the next fund.

2) I don’t think that there will be a massive impact on quality start-ups. As consolidation occurs, there is generally room for the smaller niche or focused funds. These often, due to size, focus earlier stage. As the brand funds get bigger, most will keep an early stage segment going but raise like DFJ and Sequoia, later stage funds in addition to their early stage ones. So, the sub-$100m funds will survive as will the brands. The $150-400m funds will take the hits in numbers most likely.

3) as long as the cycle continues, angels and strategics will do a lot of earlier investing. Should the stock market turn ugly, this money will dry up. This will have the biggest impact, I believe, in the seed/early stage world.

This all said, good ideas & teams will get funded but not necessarily at the higher valuations or larger rounds sizes of today. Running these companies will require more discipline which is a good thing and there won’t be as many competitors. First time entrepreneurs will take the brunt of any kind of pullback. This impacts the future since it is these first time efforts that lead to bigger second or third time successes.

So, this shake-up is a natural, and in the long run, healthy, correction. It prunes the herd. It won’t always be enjoyable for the VC’s or the entrepreneurial communities, but does result in a better environment. We will see if I am right on this…

The Shake Up Continues…

The team at OVP Partners in Seattle/Portland puts out a quarterly newsletter. In the most recent one, Charting the Course, they cut into the NVCA Yearbook numbers to get a better sense of what is going on with the consolidation in the industry. As I wrote in Fidelity Comes to VC, LP’s are driving a shake-up through choosing to invest in a core group of brand funds. OVP estimates that less than 50% of 2000 venture funds are still active. This number will continue to contract as funds wind down current investing and are unsuccessful at new fundraising.

"In 2000, there were 1156 different venture firms that made at least one new deal. In 2006, there were only 597. This is more like a 50% drop, not just 15%! We think that is the big, so far unwritten, story. The US venture industry has been cut in half. That certainly qualifies as a major shake-out."

Keeping Perspective

My wife sent me this article. She is on the Women’s Board over at Children’s Memorial and comes across  these stories often. Talk about keeping things in perspective. No matter how hard my working world becomes, it is nothing compared to this one…

The Night Rounds
There’s no darker place than a children’s hospital at night. Chaplain Stacey Jutila brings light and solace to those lonely halls…

Pay It Forward

I am a firm believer that random acts of kindness are the lubrication that greases the entrepreneurial and VC worlds.  People doing good by others builds up the positive karma bank account. There is so much uncertainty in the tech world, that you never know when you will have to call in a favor or ask for return kindness. So, like squirrels waiting for winter, many successful entrepreneurs will tell you that success hinged upon a few breaks going the right way and often, those breaks came because of previous good deeds and good will they had stored up. Too often, we get so wrapped up in our own issues and challenges that we fail to look around and think about others. Why should we when we barely have enough time, money, etc for ourselves?

This approach was institutionalized several years ago by Catherine Ryan Hyde with her "Pay It Forward" program that gained attention through the movie starring Helen Hunt & Kevin Spacey as well as Oprah’s "$1,000" challenge. Hyde’s foundation is the Pay It Forward Foundation. In short, the idea is that you commit a random act of kindness. It could be to a stranger or to someone you know. This could be assistance, money or whatever you have to give. The only condition is that they, in turn, help someone else ("pay forward" the kindness or aid). While I was aware of and a fan of the approach, I was not aware of the program’s genesis. As she said in a recent Motto interview:

"I had an experience, probably more than 25 years ago, where I was by myself in a bad neighborhood, driving late at night and I had car trouble (car caught on fire). I was stranded by myself when these two men–total strangers–came out of nowhere. They were running and running fast. One of them had a blanket under his arm, and I thought, "Oh my God!" It never occurred to me that they intended anything but harm. But they put out my car fire by hand with this blanket.

Then the fire department showed up. In the process of talking to the fire department, I turned around to thank the two guys and they were gone. I have no idea who they were or what their motivation was.

So I got back on the highway and noticed a really interesting difference: Now I am driving on the highway every day and have one eye on the side of the road looking for someone in trouble.

So the whole impetus behind the pay-it-forward idea is: What is it about receiving an act of kindness from a stranger that makes you want to give an act of kindness in return? When we have received it, we want to give it."

So, as you go through your daily routine, look for opportunities to pay it forward. It could be helping someone find a job, helping with a customer intro, giving advice to someone, helping monetarily or simply just being there for someone. Too often, we feel that our resources are limited and that using them on others means that much less for us. Ironically, there is a strange multiplier effect and you find that there was more resource there originally than you thought and additionally, the kindness seems to come back (though from a different direction). Food for thought…

Turtles in Omaha

     "If you can keep your head when all about you
    

Are losing theirs and blaming it on you,
    

If you can trust yourself when all men doubt you
    

But make allowance for their doubting too,
    

If you can wait and not be tired by waiting…"
          — Rudyard Kipling, "If"

Michael Mauboussin, at Legg Mason, published a great piece in May of this year titled The Turtles of Omaha: The Mindset of Great Investors. In it, he discusses Curtis Faith’s new book, "Way of the Turtle" as well as Nassim Taleb’s latest book, "The Black Swan". His article is a must for investor and entrepreneur alike and can be downloaded here…Download TurtlesOmaha.pdf

In the early 1990’s, Richard Dennis, one of the most successful pit traders in the world, had a debate over whether great traders were born or made (nature vs. nuture). They decided to solicit applications from a broad array of fields, screen them for set characteristics, train them and give them each a small stake to invest. Those that did well each month got more money and those that underperformed lost capital. They were called  the Turtles. Faith was only 19 at the time, the youngest of the group yet he delivered the best results. Why? Temperment & discipline.

He discusses three classic psychological tendencies investors must overcome to be successful:
1) Loss aversion
2) Frequency vs magnitude
3) Role of randomness

Loss Aversion
As I’ve written in the past, humans are programmed, through millenniums of  adaption, to suffer pain twice as much as we  enjoy gain. Those that did not, probably found themselves as T-Rex snack. In trading and venture capital, over 50% (and sometimes 70%) of transactions are not profitable. Fearing loss, many investors will pull out of proven investment approaches prematurely. In one case, Faith said that over one ten month period, following the set trading strategy, traders would have lost 24 out of 28 times (avg $930 loss each time) but would have had 4 winning trades that averaged $20,000 each. Better yet, the first 17 trades were all loses as the market stubbornly refused to trend where it needed to. Many of the other Turtles bailed on the system, thereby missing several of the 4 wins. As Buffett says, "Be greedy when others are fearful and fearful when others are greedy." Recency bias trends us towards extrapolating that the future will look just like recent past.

Frequency vs Magnitude
Buffett would say that rule #1 is "never lose money". Faith would say that loss is inevitable in trading (and in venture capital). However, limiting your losses while positioning for the big upside is the key to success. It is not the frequency of the win or loss but rather its magnitude. He mentions that George Soros, who has made billions trading, is often wrong over 50% of the time. However, when he wins "it’s a grand slam". Many smart people, needing to be "right", will sub-optimize long-term performance in order not to be "wrong" in the short term.

Role of Randomness
Randomness plays a central role in investing. In the short run, markets or strategies don’t always play out as expected. Investors will attribute this to a good or poor process. The reality is that often people, fearing loss and focusing on the noise (assuming it is signal), will pull the plug too early. They hard part is knowing when something is noise and when it is a new trend.

In general, Faith outperformed the other turtles, not because he was smarter, but rather because his temperament allowed him to avoid many of the emotional traps that befell the other traders. As Kipling wrote, "If you can keep your head when all about you are losing theirs and blaming it on you…" 

Mauboussin also makes reference to another recent book by Nassim Taleb called the Black Swan. Taleb claims that market results do not follow the believed bell curve but rather are lumpier out towards the tails. Furthermore, it is the tail events that drive performance and they usually break from historical patterns when they occur (non-linear chaos theory…). Ironically, we experienced a Black Swan in August as all of the quant shops saw their models crash as credit markets backed up unexpectedly. He mentions that outliers that vary from historical norms drive most of the losses and gains in the market. Goldman Sachs took over $1B in losses, stating that events from early August should have occured only once every 100,000 years according to their historically determined models. Taking the 50 worst days out of 30 years worth of trading data drives S&P returns from 9.5% to 23.5% and removing the 50 best days out drives the returns down to 3.5%. As a result, it is important to rely more on exposure (likelihood of something happening using common sense) and less on experience (what historical trends indicate).

Since technology markets follow very similar, non-linear patterns and inflection points, these very same lessons apply to entrepreneurs as they do to investors. Minimize your losses (burn, etc) while you wait for markets to turn, minimize emotional & instinctual responses to developments and realize that when things inflect, they can explode upward much more significantly than expected or predicted (just look at YouTube or Skype). As Mauboussin concludes: focus on your process (value proposition), recognize where your risk is, look for favorable odds and realize that over time, rational factors will play out through the noise if you don’t let emotions short-circuit you. Watch your behavior to assess how you truly are responding emotionally to developments.

Chicago Honors Katrina The Hard Way

On August 23rd, ironically on the second anniversary of Hurricane Katrina, a tornado hit the western Chicago suburbs and a micro burst swung through the northern suburbs where I live and work. By the time the storm had passed with its 70+ mph winds, Winnetka looked like a scene out of the movie, Twister.  Nearly every third or fourth street was shut down due to fallen trees and crushed cars.

Being the bright, proactive venture capitalist, I had installed a backup battery on our sump pump in case power went out during a storm. It worked perfectly for the first 6 hours. Unfortunately, we lost power for over 2 days. Like with my portfolio companies, another lesson learned…  Most of the North Shore of Chicago is going out and buying the propane driven generators for their houses albeit a bit late.

These two poor cars were passing when a tree (about 2 feet in diameter) snapped in half, was carried up and over 10 feet by the wind and dropped down crushing both cars.
Img_0966_2

Rain came down faster than any time in Winnetka history, flooding many houses and streets.
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This three foot diameter tree was snapped in half like a twig and blocked our street.
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Just about one in four trees along major streets either snapped or were pulled out of the ground like the one below across the street from our house.
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Our golf club lost over 100 trees including this tree on the 10th hole. This Willow has a 12+ foot root system. It was blown over, crushing the paddle court and two cars behind it.
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Having gone through a "gentle" version of a disaster, I can better appreciate what New Orleans went through two years ago. Basements are ruined throughout town due to fresh water, not the salt water that submerged much of the city for weeks. We had 70+ mph winds that ripped up trees versus the 175 mph winds that tore off roofs and destroyed buildings. And, we were out of power for a couple of days while they were down for months in some parts. It was quite a surreal 4 days for us but things have gotten back to normal pretty quickly. New Orleans is not so lucky, having gone from the 16th largest city in the US (nearly 500,000 people) to just over 220,000 today.

No global warming Mr Bush????

Chicago Honors Katrina The Hard Way

On August 23rd, ironically on the second anniversary of Hurricane Katrina, a tornado hit the western Chicago suburbs and a micro burst swung through the northern suburbs where I live and work. By the time the storm had passed with its 70+ mph winds, Winnetka looked like a scene out of the movie, Twister.  Nearly every third or fourth street was shut down due to fallen trees and crushed cars.

Being the bright, proactive venture capitalist, I had installed a backup battery on our sump pump in case power went out during a storm. It worked perfectly for the first 6 hours. Unfortunately, we lost power for over 2 days. Like with my portfolio companies, another lesson learned…  Most of the North Shore of Chicago is going out and buying the propane driven generators for their houses albeit a bit late.

These two poor cars were passing when a tree (about 2 feet in diameter) snapped in half, was carried up and over 10 feet by the wind and dropped down crushing both cars.
Img_0966_2

Rain came down faster than any time in Winnetka history, flooding many houses and streets.
Img_0995_1

This three foot diameter tree was snapped in half like a twig and blocked our street.
Img_0961_1

Just about one in four trees along major streets either snapped or were pulled out of the ground like the one below across the street from our house.
Img_0983_1

Our golf club lost over 100 trees including this tree on the 10th hole. This Willow has a 12+ foot root system. It was blown over, crushing the paddle court and two cars behind it.
Img_0988_1

Having gone through a "gentle" version of a disaster, I can better appreciate what New Orleans went through two years ago. Basements are ruined throughout town due to fresh water, not the salt water that submerged much of the city for weeks. We had 70+ mph winds that ripped up trees versus the 175 mph winds that tore off roofs and destroyed buildings. And, we were out of power for a couple of days while they were down for months in some parts. It was quite a surreal 4 days for us but things have gotten back to normal pretty quickly. New Orleans is not so lucky, having gone from the 16th largest city in the US (nearly 500,000 people) to just over 220,000 today.

No global warming Mr Bush????

Business Musings From Carter Cast

I was having breakfast the other day with a friend of mine, Carter Cast, and we were discussing the dynamics and effort necessary to successful build an entrepreneurial company into a larger organization. Carter is a great guy and well known for his balanced approach to management and the effort he spends on building effective teams. Over the years, he has been head of marketing for Blue Nile (one of the first 5 employees), CMO of eBay and CEO of Walmart.com. He mentioned that he has a set of principles that govern him which he shares with employees when he comes into a company. He is a big fan of transparency and believes if employees have clear understanding of the rules of the game, they are more productive. He has captured them in a short, one page document "A Few Musings on Business Life" which he hands out to his team. I’ve attached the Word doc, but the content is below. (Download carter_cast_musing_on_business_life.doc
)

                                              

A Few Musings on Business Life

1.    Integrity
•    “Honesty” usually comes to mind when you hear the word “integrity” but it’s more than that. It’s also “candor” and “managerial courage”—saying what needs to be said for the good of the business or for a person’s development. By the way, anyone can say, “I emphatically and categorically disagree with you.” The challenge is to say it with a little finesse, communicating what needs to be said clearly yet tactfully.

2.    Managing people
•    If you let people know you care about them and want to develop them, they’ll reward you by cutting you some slack–they’ll look past your foibles.
•    Listen, not only to what’s being said, but how it’s being said. Ask questions—actively listen.
•    Don’t underestimate a person’s bias toward self-interest. Saying that isn’t harsh, merely human. We see things from our own vantage point. We’re all trying to survive and thrive in the concrete jungle. So put yourself in the other person’s shoes as much as humanly possible to understand what they’re going through, what they need, and what they aspire to.

3.    Productivity
•    Congratulations on working hard, but working smart is more sensible. Organize your day, have a game plan to maximize your productivity and ask yourself, “Am I focusing on the key activities that will move the needle?”
•    Don’t be afraid to show your passion. Be intense. Be demonstrative. It creates energy.
•    Ignore the noise. Don’t get head rot. Generally, other people’s gripes are…other people’s gripes. Anyone can see what’s wrong. How many can see what’s possible?

4.    Learning
•    Take the time to become an expert in your area. As long as you learn, you’ll progress. Don’t worry about titles and promotions. If you focus on learning, the promotions will take care of themselves.
•    Learn the value chain. There’s no substitute for knowing how it all fits together and what activities drive organizational value. It will lead to good decision-making and will also give you credibility in the organization.

5.    Communication
•    Business is a complex set of interdependencies. Few good decisions are made in a vacuum. Solicit input. Shop your agenda. Get out of your cube for goodness sakes.
•    Communicate a consistent agenda. I suppose that’s the Reagan Rule.
•    Get to know the agenda of others—especially those outside your department. Take them to lunch.
•    Put yourself in the other person’s shoes when encountering conflict.

6.    Zoom in, pull back
•    Details matter—the trick is figuring out which you need to make the call.
•    Don’t ignore Malcolm Gladwell’s notion of “thin-slicing.” Listen to your immediate reaction to things.
•    Sit and stare at the wall—it doesn’t mean you’re not working. Throw assumptions out the window and reconceptualize the business.
•    Monitor the marketplace. Most great ideas are borrowed.

7.    Have fun
•    When you’re loose, creativity blooms.
•    We work for 10+ hours a day. I’d rather sashay, not shuffle through it.
•    Work is more fun when you’re optimistic.

Too Much Information

I am increasingly coming to the conclusion that it is temperament & emotional behavior and not intelligence/insight that drives the majority of successful investing.  Knowing common behavioral traps and being aware of your own behavior is key to becoming a truly successful investor.

Excessively relying on information is one of the behavioral traps that researchers are increasingly focusing their efforts on.  As the amount of information rises around an investment decision, the greater the likelihood that noise will crowd out core signal in the process. In fact, with studies on genius, research has shown that experts do not necessarily process information more quickly than any of us, but rather they simply and cut noise out more effectively. They use pattern recognition to quickly cull options and focus on the most relevant.

Michael Mauboussin of Legg Mason is one of the more interesting writers in the investment circles. His partner, Bill Miller, is one of the most reknowned investors in the world for having beaten the markets for 13 straight years (just missed last year). He has published two interesting pieces on investment approaches and psychology. I will write later about his second one, Turtles in Omaha.

Michael recently wrote about the impact of information on horseracing results. The handicappers grew increasingly confident in their rankings as they were given more & more information. The irony, however, is that their predictions deteriorated as they moved from having 5 pieces of information to 40 pieces. So, they became more confident in their results just as they were getting worse.

I have always been amazed by the simplicity of Warren Buffett’s approach. He does not have seas of analysts (I don’t believe he may have any) nor does he do excessively deep diligence dives into companies. He becomes "competent" in certain areas and, though he doesn’t mention this much, leverages the opinion of key people he knows in each area. This is also why you often see investors have repeated hits in a given area. They are able to determine who has the most reliable and relevant networks in a given field and use them to accelerate decisions.

For many investors, they develop a gut feel for an opportunity and then leverage data points to confirm that feeling. Some are quantitatively driven in the hedge world but this is not really possible on the venture side due to the immaturity of many business models. Overall, what this says is that good investors are those that can determine effectively what are the key pieces of information versus gaining access to the broadest array of information. Furthermore, it provides a warning to investors that having more information is not always (some would say usually the opposite) a good thing and to not take comfort in masses of numbers and facts. In the end, it is the simple core things and your network of people that makes the difference.